ICT for translation and interpreting.

Global crisis.
A shortage of qualfied linguists: european institutions anticipate a similar shortage in the next 10 years, industres are concerned about this. the question is, how to tackle these crisis? maybe through aducation.

Difficulties for the metohod learning.
Experiences is vital in the learning process, but for the experience to be valid, it is essential that they learn "in context" and the context and  activities need to be authentic.

3 thinkers.

1. Jhon Dewey
   
   : 
   
   
   
2. Graham Gibbs
   
   
   3. David A. Kolb:

• Experience of situation
• Reflective observation
• Abstract conceptualizations
• Active experimentation.

Profecional experience enable lecturers to incluid specific difficulties en class exercises, based on their field observation.

Empowering students and fostering team-work and professionals skills.
It can suport construction of knowledge; groups can be creaated on the Virtual Learning Enviroment, and then be assigned a page on the wiki, when they exchange and annotate their join translation. Wikis can help to provide access to expert performance.

The role of ICT sector in expandig economing opportunity

Historical perspective.
In the past 20 years innovation has accelerated dramatically; technology only increase productivity when lots of people have access.

Fundamental role of ICT in modern economic. 
Increase choice in the market place and provide access to otherwise unvailable goods and services.

Economic opportunity obstacles.

• Geographic isolation.
• Lack of competition and high prices for costumers.
• Legal exclusion.
• Social capitals. 

The business case for engagement.

Inovation.
must not only be affordable, reliable and relevant.
 
selling to local markets.

• Horizontal depending - new costumers.
• Vertical deepending - can be seen as a strategy for a achievinf horizontal deepending. can be related with busines

Effective use of tehnology to expand economic oportunitty.

Helping to optimize the "rules of the game".
a number of issues are of specific importance to the sector in expanding 

Valentine's day

♥ Origin.

 Numerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine. The Valentines honored on February 14 are Valentine of Rome (Valentinus presb. m. Romae) and Valentine of Terni (Valentinus ep. Interamnensis m. Romae). Valentine of Rome was a priest in Rome who was martyred in 269 and was added to the calendar of saints by Pope Galesius in 496 and was buried on the Via Flaminia. The relics of Saint Valentine were kept in the Church and Catacombs of San Valentino in Rome, which "remained an important pilgrim site throughout the Middle Ages until the relics of St. Valentine were transferred to the church of Santa Prassede during the pontificate of Nicholas IV.The flower-crowned skull of Saint Valentine is exhibited in the Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, Rome. Other relics are found at Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin, Ireland.

♥ Meaning.

Valentine's Day, also called Saint Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14. It originated as a Western Christian liturgical feast day honoring one or more early saints named Valentinus, and is recognized as a significant cultural and commercial celebration in many regions around the world, although it is not a public holiday in any country.

♥ Interesting elements.  

J.C. Cooper, in The Dictionary of Christianity, writes that Saint Valentine was "a priest of Rome who was imprisoned for succouring persecuted Christians." Contemporary records of Saint Valentine were most probably destroyed during this Diocletianic Persecution in the early 4th century. In the 5th or 6th century, a work called Passio Marii et Marthae published a story of martyrdom for Saint Valentine of Rome, perhaps by borrowing tortures that happened to other saints, as was usual in the literature of that period. The same events are also found in Bede's Martyrology, which was compiled in the 8th century. It states that Saint Valentine was persecuted as a Christian and interrogated by Roman Emperor Claudius II in person. Claudius was impressed by Valentine and had a discussion with him, attempting to get him to convert to Roman paganism in order to save his life. Valentine refused and tried to convert Claudius to Christianity instead. Because of this, he was executed. Before his execution, he is reported to have performed a miracle by healing Julia, the blind daughter of his jailer Asterius. The jailer's daughter and his forty-four member household (family members and servants) came to believe in Jesus and were baptized.

♥ Conclusion
I am not a fan of this day, I love the way it started but now is only about buy things. I am agree with the girl at the video, you can love people every day and you can tell that by many ways. At the bottom I am a romantic girl and I love love stories with sad or happy endings, the important thing is feel the passion of this complicate feeling.

                                             

Information and comunication tecnology

ICT anddevelopment
         goal or target- erradicate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality, improve maternal health and combat aids and other diseases; ensure enviromental sustentability.
         Role of ICT – access to market information and reduce transaction costs.

WSIS – connect vilages; conect universities, colleges, secondary schols and primary schools; connect scientific and research centers; c. Piblic libraries, cultural centers; c. Health centers and hospitals; c. All local and central govermment departments.

ICT challenges:

• Awareness
• Availability
• Acceessibility
• Affordability – is a prime facor in the digital divide sofware scales only with skilled humans.

Conectivity costs:

Shared access model = pay as you use

Broad band = flat – rate

Usability and interface – the use of ICT rquires a level of literacy, both lingual and technical. We need to transform complex techinologies into user-friendly

Security- security is a concern even for uninformed or unaware end-users, it places an implicit cost on all transactions. Computer Emergency Response Teams.

The internet of the future must be:

•      Trustworty
•      Reliable
•      Globally inclusive
•      Easy to use
•      Affordable
•      Able to change rapidly
•     Innovate and capable of significant expansion
•     Trasparently and well-managed

Regulation and policy – Many developing countries regulate ICT retrisctively. In these countries telecom providers tend to be Goverment companies. Countries with fewer restrictions often find higher levels of ICT adoptions.

Mechanical Age

Electronic Era

1946-1957

In this period we have the next characteristics:

• Electronic devices and advent of solid state

• Electronic numerical integrator and computer- first and general purpose computer, market revolutionary period in computing, big machines, processing speed was slower than others.

• Transistor - wlectronic device, lightweight and faster, foundation of every electronic device, first full transistor.

• Integrated circuits - it revolutionized the use of compuers and electronic devices, faster operatin speed, invented by Jack Killby.

• Computer processor - fast-paced development and inovation in personal computing, productivity, entertainment, communication, wold wide web, Pier Georgio and Don Estridge.

Integrated circuits

Computer processor

Transistor

Electromechanical Era

1840 - 1940

The information and knowledge converted into electronic impulses.
In this era we can find many inventions:

• Colosus machine - is the first electronic calculating devices used by the britons.

• Voltaic battery - Alessandro Voltai invented the voltaic pile wich is considerated to be the first source of stored electricity in the 8th century.

• Telegraph - invented by Samuel F.J. Morse in 1832.

• Telephone and radio - Is the first successful bi-directional transmission of clear speech by Bell and Watson was made on 10 March 1876.

• Mark 1- the first "completes turning computer"; it was consisting of 765 thousand components and hundreds of kilometer.

Colosus machine

Volotaic battery

Telegraph

Telephone & radio

Mark 1

Premecanical Age

Premechanical Age.

This age started in the year 3000 B.C. and is divided into four stages.

1. writing.

 In this stage we can find  the next types:

Ideographs

Petroglyphs

Pictographs

Phoenician alphabet

Sumerian cuneiform script

2. Paper.

We have two important periods: 

• 2600 B.C. → the egyptians started to write on papyrus plant.
• 100 A.D.  → the chinese made paper from rags.

3. Book and libraries.

In this stage, the important civilizations started to stok information. th egyptians kept scrolls while the greeks started to fold sheeets and bind them together.

4. First numeric system.

Indian people created the first 1-9 system around 100 A.D. Some years after, on 875 A.D.,  the number 0 was invented.